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THE CONTRAST 



PROFESSIONS AND PRACTICE 



OP 



Republican d; Democratic Statesmen 



CONTRASTED. 



Fubllslied 



b7 th» Ua 



aioB ^pablioan Cangressional Comioittee, WashingMn 1). 0. 



BEPUBLICAH OOLUmf. 



Positioa of the Republican Party preeed- 
ing the Rebellion. 

In answer to the threats of secession hy 
tho Democratic leaders, the following re- 
marka wore made in the United States Ben- 
ate, Deceinb<»r 17, 1660, bj 

nON'. B. F. W.\DB. 

"Why. they Lave had more thaa two- 
riiirds of this Senate for many yeara- Yov 
that complain represent but little more than, 
one- quarter of the free people of tin: United 
States; yet, you have prcTailed for ten years 
npst ia tho Cabinet of the President, and in 
)ne Supromo Court of the United Stales, 
and nearly every department, of ttic Govern- 
ment. Those who voted with you dictated 
fche policy of the Government. Is it not 
strange that those who occupy this position 
oome hf.re complainiruf that tJure rights have 
been strielcen dotcn ? I moy say these gen- 
tlemen who have raised upon this floor their 
bill of indictment against ws, have been the 
leaders of tho dominant party for years ; 
therefore, if tliere is anything in the legisla- 
tion of the Federal Govermaent that is not 
right, you, and not we, are responsible for 
it. We never yet have been invented loith 
■poiccr to control the legislation of t/i^ country 
for an hour- 

" I have disavowed any intention on the 
part of the Republican party to harm a hair 
of your heads- We Iwld to no doctrine that 
tan possibly %cork you any inconvenience — 
any wrong — any disaster. We have been 
and 6hall remain faithful to all the laws, 
studiously so. It is not, by your own confes- 
eionfl, that Mr. Lincoln i.s expected to com- 
mit any overt act by which you may bo in- 
jured. You will not even wait for any, you 
say : but by anticipating that the Govern- 



DEMOCEATIO COLUMU. 

The Practioal Answer of the Democracy to 
President Lincoln and Senator Wade. 

On the 6th of January preceding March 
4th, 1861, a caucus of Southern Senators 
coBTCned in Washington, D. C. and adopt- 
ed the following resolutions. 

"Eesolced, That we recommend to ocb 
RESPECTIVE States immediate secession. 

^^ Resolved, That wo recommend the hold- 
ing of a General Convention of eaid Statento 
bo holden in tho city of Montgomery, Ala- 
bama, at some period not i.i«TER tiian tbs 
15x11 of Februaky, 1861. 

At this meeting of DEM<KH.4LTf- Conspiea- 
Tor.s there were present — 

Alabama — Benjamin Fitzi-atkick, an» 
C. C. Clay, Jr. . 

Arko/nsas — E. W. Johnson, and Wm. K. 
Sebastian. 

Georgia — Robekt Toomb.s, axp Alfrbh 

IvEBSON. 

Louisiana — J. C. Benjamin, and Johk 

Slidell. 
iTissi-isippi — Jeffke.^on Davis, akd Al- 

BKUT G. Brow'n. 
Texas — Joun IIami'iiill, a\d Lonis F. 

Wig FALL. 
Florida — David L. Yulee. and S. R. 

Mallouy. 
All of these conspirators now alive, favor 
the election of SEYMOUR and BLAIR. 
And iu accordance with this advice of the 
Democratic conspirators the States did se- 
cede immediately. They did meet at Mont- 
gomery, and form an independent, trcason- 
,able and hostile combination, which they 
cillcd a soverDmeat. 



L 



REPUBLICAN COLTIMN. 



DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 



ment may do you an injury you wiU put an 
end to i<— which means, simply and squarely, 
that you intend to rule or ruin this Govern- 
ment. ' ' 

In view of the acts of secession, as stated 
in the Democratic column, President Lin- 
coln, in his inaugural address on the 4th 
of March, 1861, said : 

" Why should there not be a patient confi- 
dence in the ultimate justice of the peoi:)le ? 
Is there any better or equal hope in- the 
world ? In our present differences is either 
party without faith of being in the right? If 
the Almighty Eider of Nations, with his 
eternal tndh and justice, he on your side of 
the North, or on yours of the South, that 
truth and iJutt justice will surely prevail by 
the judgment of this great tribunal of the 
'' American jyeople. By the frame of the Gov- 
ernment under which we live, this same peo- 
ple, have wisely given their public servants 
but little power for mischief ; and have, with 
equal wisdom, provided. for the return of 
that little to their own hands at very short 
intervals. While the people retain their 
virtue and vigilance no Administration, by 
any extreme of weakness or folly, can very 
seriously injure the Government in the short 
space of four years. My countrymen, one 
and all,__ think calmly and well upon this 
whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost 
by taking time. If there be an object to 
hurry anj' of you in hot haste to a step which 
you would never take deliberately, that ob- 
ject will be frustrated by taking time ; but 
no good object can be frustrated by it.. Such 
of yoti as are noio dissatisfied, still have the 
old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sen- 
sitive point, the laws of your own framing 
under it; while the new Administration will 
have no immediate power, if it would, to 
change either. Jf it were admitted that you 
who are dissatisfied hold the ri»ht side in 
the dispute, there still is no single good rea- 
son for precipitate action. Intelligence, pa- 
triotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance 
on Him who has never yet forsaken this 
favored land, are still competent to adjust, 
in the best way, all our present difficulty. 

''i« your hands, my dissatisfied fellow- 
countrymen, and not in mine, is the momen- 
tous issue of civil war. The Government 
will not assail you. You can have Jio con- 
flict without being yourselves the aggressors. 
You have no oath registered in Heaven to 
destroy the Government, while I shall have 
the most solemn one to '■'■preserve, protect, 
and defend it.^^ 

" I am loth to close. We are not enemies, 
hid friends. We must not be enemies. — 
Thougu passion may have strained, it must 
not break, our bonds of affection. The 



So that, when Mr. Lincoln acceded to 
power, so far as the Democratic Leaders 
could make it so, the Union was practically 
dissolved. Even Andrew Johnson, to hie 
everlasting credit be it said, resisted the ac- 
tion of the Democratic party in the follow- 
ing words: 

^'We have nothing to do hid to stand firmly 
at bur posts like'men, andin four years' time 
TAncoln and his party icill be both hurled 
from, power. What reason, then, is there for 
desertion and the breaking up of the Gov- 
ernment? He believed that we could obtain 
all needed guarantees. He entreated every 
patriot to come forward in the spirit of broth- 
erly love, to stand around the altar of our 
common country, to lay the Constitution 
upon it, and to swear that the Constitution 
shall be maintained and the Union pre- 
served. He thought it better to preserve the 
Union, even if we had to quarrel with the 
North sometimes. It was better to quarrel 
with the North occasionally than^o quarrel 
among ourselves." 

Montgomery, April 11, 1861. 
7'p General Beauregard : 

Do not desire needlessly to bombard Fort 
Sumter. If Major Anderson wijl state the 
time at which, as indicated by himself, he 
will evacuate, and agree that, in the mean- 
time, he will not use his guns against us 
unless ours should be employed against Fort 
Sumter, you are authorized thus to avoid the 
effusion of blood. If this or its equivalent 
be refused, reduce the fort, as your judg- 
ment decides to be the most practicable. 
L. P. WALKER. 

Charleston. April 12, 1861. 
To Hon. L. P. Walker : 
He would not consent. I write to-day. 
G. T. BEAUREGARD. 

Charleston, April 12, 1861. 
To Hon. L. P. Walker: 
We opened fire at 4.30. 

G. T. BEAUREGARD. 

Mr. Ilhett, of South Carolina, a leading 
rebel, said after the ordinance of secession 
was passed by the convention of that State: 

^' The secession of South Carolina is not 
an event of a day. It is not anything pro- 
duced by Mr. Lincoln's election, or by the 
n07i- execution of the fugitive law. It has 
been a matter which has been gathering head 
for thirty years.''' 

" The difficulty and the remedy— it is. not 
in the election of Republican Presidents. 
No. Not in the non-execution of the Fu- 






";v 



EEPDBLIOAN COLUMN. i 

mystic chords of memory, stretching from 
every battle-field and patriot grave to every 
living heart and hearthstone, all over this 
broad laud, will yet swell the chorus of the 
Union, when again touched, as surely they 
will be, by the better angels of our nature." 



DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 



The Condition of the Kebel States on the 
Surrender of the Rebel Armies. 

The condition of the insurgent commu- 

nitica and the consequences of rebellion are 

authoritatively and unanswerably stated by 

the Committee oa Reconstruction in their 

report submitted to Congress June 18, ISOC, 

from which we quote as foUowB : 

"These rebellious enemies were con- 
quered by the people of the United States, 
acting through all the co-ordinate branches 
of the Government, and not by the execu- 
tive department alone. The powers of con- 
queror are not so vested in the PrcsicUnt 
that he can fix and regulate the terms of set- 
tlement and confer conqressmial representa- 
tion on conquered rebels and traitors. Nor 
can he, in an>/ icay, qualify enemies of the 
Government to exercise its laio-making poicer. 
The authority to restore rebels to political 
power in the Federal Government can be 
exercised only with the concurrence of all 
the departments in which political power is 
vested; and hence the several proclamations 
of the President to the people of the Con- 
federate States cannot be considered as ex- 
tending beyond the purposes declared, and 
can only be regarded as provisional permis- 
sion by the Commander-in-Chief of the army 
to do certain acts, the efl'ect and validity 
whereof is to be determined by the constitu- 
tional government, and not solely by the ex- 
ecutive power. 

"The question before Congress is, then, 
whether conquered enemies have the right, 
and shall be ])ermitted at their ou-n 7.>/eos- 
ure and on their own tervis, to partici- 
pate in making laics for their conquerors; 
whether conquered rebels may change their 
theater of operations from the battle-field, 
where they were defeated and overthrown, to 
the Halls of Congress, and, through their 
representatives, seize upon the Government 
which they fought to destroy: whether the 
national Treasury, the army of the nation, 
its navy, its forts and arsenals, its wholecivil 
administration, its credit, its pensioners, the 
widotcs and orphans of those ivho perished 
in the war, the public honor, peace, and 
safety, shall all be turned over to the keeping 
of its recent enemies without delay, and with- 
out imposing such conditions as, in the opin- 
ivn of Congress, the security of the country 
aiul its im<iiti:tion.s may demnnd. 



gitive Slave bill. No. But it lies back of all 
these. It is found in that Atheistic Black 
Kepudlicax doctrink 01' THE Declaration" 
OF IxdepevdenceI Until that is trampled 

UNDER FOOT THERE CAN BE NO PEACE.'' — Ad- 
dress of D. Smyth, of South Carolina. 



Condition of the Rebel States as Stated by 
tho Democracy. 

Andrew Johnson soon after hie accession 
to power, by executive order, and withovt 
authority of law, destroyed the then existing 
rebel State governments, placed the people 
under military governors appointed by him- 
self, -without law and without the sanction 
of the Senate, directed the reorganization of 
civil governments, prescribed the qualifica- 
tion of electors, admitting men to oCQce who 
wore positively prohibited by statute, dic- 
tated amendments to the State constitu- 
tions, and, in fact and form, reorganized 
States, which were officered and controlled 
by hostile enemies ; and, when Congress 
again assembled, declared them to be States 
within the Union, entitled to all the privi- 
loges of the adhering States. 

In his speech to the committee- appointed 
by the Philadelphia Rebel Conservative Con- 
vention, August 18, 18G6, he said: 

■'We have witnessed In one department 
of the Government every endeavor to pre- 
vent the restoration of peace, liarmony, and 
Union. We have seen hanging upon the 
verge of the Government, ns it were, a body 
called, or which assumes to l)e,the Congress 
of the United States, while in fact it is a 
Congress of only a part of the States. We 
have seen this Congress pretend to be for tho 
Union, when its every step and act tended 
to perpetuate disunion and make a disrup- 
tion of the States inevitable." 

In his Message on the bill restoring Ten- 
nessee to the Union, he said: 

"So far, then, the political existence cJ 
the States and their relation to the Fedcrr.'. 
Government had been fully and completclv 
recognized and acknowledged by the Execu- 
tive Department of the Government; and 
the completion of the work of restoration, 
which had progressed so favorably, was sub- 
mitted to Congress, upon which devolved al: 
questions pertaining to the admission t- 
their seats of the Senators and Ilepreseata.- 
tives chosen from the States whose people 
had engaged in tlio rebellion."' 



REfUBLICAK COLUMN. 



DEMOCKATIO COLUMK. 



" The history of martkind exhibits no 
example of such madness and foUy. The 
instinct of self-preservation protests against 
iX. The surrender b}' Grant to Lee, 
and by Sherman to Johnston,. would have 
been disasters of less magnitude, for new 
. armies could have been raised, new battles 
fought, and the Government saved. The 
anti-coercive policy, which, under pretext of 
avoiding bloodshed, allowed the- rebellion to 
take form and gather force, vo^dd be sur- 
fMSsed in infamy by the matchless wickedness 
■ikat ivoidd now surrender the hails of Con 
f/rcss to those so recently in, rebellion, until 
proper precaidioi}s sh-all have been taken to 
secicre the national faith and tlie fmtional 
mfety. 

''As has been shown in this report^ and 
in the evidence submitted, no proof has 
been afforded to Congress of a constitu- 
liDcy.in any one of the ao-cs^Iled Confed- 
ei-ate States, unless wa except the Slate 
of Tennessee, qualified to elect Sena- 
tors and Representatives in Congrcys. No 
State constitution, or amendment to a State 
oonstitution, has had tho sanction of the 
people. All ilie so caJl-ed legislation of State 
conventions and L-egislaitires has been had 
"Aider nulitary dictaiioii. If ihe President 
.may, at his will, and under his own authority, 
•vhcthe'- as military commander or chief ex- 
.•icuiive, .qualify persons to appoint Senator* 
.•And elect lleprescntatives, and empower 
■others to appoint and elect them, he thereby 
practically controls the organization of the 
/legislative department. IVte constiiutional 
form, of government is thereby practically dc- 
!< troy eel, and its povers absorbed in th€ J'Jx- 
enutive. ^ « * * 

"The iieoesaify of providing adequate 
j-'afeguarui for the future, before restoring 
ihti insuri'cczionai7 Stales to a participa- 
tion in the direction of public affairs, is 
apparent from the bitter hostility to the 
Government and people of the United States 
■xc't esisting tln-oughout the conquered ter- 
ritory, as proved incontestablj by the testi- 
mouy of manv witnesses and by undisputed 

•'The conclusion of jour committee there- 

"jro is, that tho so-called Confederate 

.'-Vutes are not at present entitled to roji- 

i'\-ontation in the Congress of tho United 

^.'.ates ; that, before allowing such repr.^sent- 

vtion, adequate sec-irity for future peace and 

.-.ii'ety should be required ; that this can only 

i) 5 found in such changes of the organic law 

'..s shall deter .nine th^ civil rights and privi- 

'';/''■< of all citizens inallparts of the Erpub- 

:lc, s'.ialL place repre-entation on an equitable 

■i.isi.>, shall fx a, stigma upon treason, and 

;>rotect tiie Inyd jH'ople ogainst future claims 

.■ '':<! cxpsn-^es i.icurrC'l in support of re- 



Resolutions of the Philadelphia 14th o 
August Democratic Convention : 

"Representation in the Congress of thr 
United States and in the.electoral college it 
a right recognized by the Constitution at 
abiding in every State, and as a duty im 
posed upon the people, fundamental in it* 
nature, and essential to the existence of oui 
republican institutions, and neither Con 
gress nor the General Government has anv 
authority or power to deny this right to am 
State or to withhold its enjoyment under the 
Constitution from the people thereof." 

Speech of Senator Hendrick.'? in the Sen 
lite, July 26, 186G : 

"I believe that those State governments cob- 
tinned during all the period of the rebellion ; 
that in thft eye of the law their connection 
with the Government of the United State? 
was never broken ; that their resolutions of 
secession were cimply nothing ; that their old 
obligation to the Ijnited States and theii 
legal connection with the United States con- 
tinued all the while, and that it was perfectly 
right and proper for any man to hold a judi- 
cial office in any Stfite of the Union. Sir, 
we cannot go the length of saying that in t.h« 
ease of revolution, when a government de- 
facto is established and the authority and 
power of the Government of the United 
States for the time being is suspended, the 
laws fihall not be administered. It is in th« 
cause of humanity thatcourtssiMill be held." 

TIEM'S OF BEMOCRATIC MEMBERS AND SENA 
TORS IX CONGRESS. 

On the contrary the Democrscj .•'.nd Mr 
Johu.^on insisted as follows : 

" For several long months the present 
Congress has fx;rsistently denied any righf 
of repreeentaiion to the people of thes«* 
States. LawH, affecting their highest and 
dearest inierests, have been pa.ssed without 
their consent, and ill disregard of the funda- 
mental principle of free government. This 
denial of representation has been made t» 
all the members from a State, although the 
State, in the language of the President, 
'presents itself, not only in an attitude of loy- 
alty and harmony, but in the persons of rep- 
resentatives whose loyalty cannot be quey 
tioncd under any existing constitutional or 
legal test.' 

"The representatives of nearly one- third oi' 
the States have not been consulted with re- 
ference to the great question of the day. 
There has been no nationality surrounding 
the present Congres.s. There has been .nu 
intercourse between the representatives of 
tlie two sections, producing-mutual confidence 
and respect." 



EEPUBLICAN COLUMN. 



DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 



hellion and for manurtiitted slaves, together 
ivith an express grant of power in Congress 
lo enforce these provisions. 

***** 
Signed— W. P. FESSENDEN, JAMES 
V/. GRIMES. IRA HARRIS, .1. M. HOW- 
ARD, GEORGE H. WILLIAMS, THAD- 
DEUS STEVENS, ELIHIT B. WASH- 
BURNE, .lUSTIN S. MORRILL, .JOHN 
A. BINGHAM, ROSCOE CONKLING, 
GEORGE S. BOUTVVELL, HENRY T. 
BLOW. 



This declaratian tliat the Southern com- 
munities had forfeited nothing by rebellion, 
was signed by the following Democratic 
Senators and Ilopresentatives: 

Rcvcrdy Johnson, Thomas A. Hendnck.s, 
William Wright, James Guthrie, J. A. Mc- 
I>ou-all, Wm. Radford, S. S. Marshall, W. 
E. Niblack, Anthony Thornton, Michael C. 
Kerr, G. S. Shanklin, Garrett Davis, H. 
Gridcr, Thos. E. Noell, Samuel J. Randall, 
and all the other Democratic member?. 



ICational Legislation for the Protection of 
Individual Bights and to Provide for the 
Restoration of the Rebel States without 
Danger to the Public Safety. 

TUE FP.EEDMAN'S BURK.VU. 

This measure grew out of the necessities 
of the poor people of the South, both tchite 
:md colored, and it has afforded aid and 
protection to both classes alike. To the 
freedmen, more of advice, and more of pro- 
tection from personal assault than to the 
whites ; but to lohites whose destitute con- 
dition, aggravated by the events of the 
war and the hostility of the rebel leaders, 
it has furnished scarcely less of material 
aid than to the freedmen. It has, a.s a pub- 
lic measure, been productive of viorc fjood, 

DONE MOKE TOWARDS THE REORGANIZATIQN 

OF LABOR IN THE SOUTH, and morc to increase 
the products of that section than any other 
measure ever devised, and besides, as a 
measure of public philanthropy, it is the 
grandest ever extended by the conqueror 
to the conquered. It has already added to 
tlie productive power of the South tens of 
millions more than it has cost, and thus, 
has the nation been reimbursed many times 
the amount expended. 

With all its merits it could not command 
in Congress, or out of it, the vote or sup- 
port of a single leading Democrat And 
tJie leading rebels while partaking of its 
iKtunties, have uniformly and bitterly de- 
nounced it, and falsely and maliciously 
ralumniaied its authors. 

The vote on the passage of the Freed- 



Oppressive Legislation of the Johnoon- 
Reconstructed. States Remitting Freed- 
men to Practical Slavery. 
These hostile States, erected by executive 
power in violation of law and without war- 
rant in the Constitution, proceeded to the 
enactment of laws which would have dis- 
graced any despotic government, and would 

HAVE reduced TO PRACTICAL SLAVERY TWO- 
FIFTHS OF THEIR OWN PEOPLE. 

Here is a synopsis of the labor laws 
enacted in Texas : 

'•'All contracts for a longer period than 
one month, shall be made in writing. * •'■ 

* ■'•' Every laborer shall have full and 
perfect liberty to chose his or /i£r employer, 
Ijut when otice chosen, they shall not be al- 
loiccd to leave their place of eraployraent. 

* * * * Failing to obey reasonable or- 
ders, neglect of duty, leaving home v/ithoui 
permission, shall 1)C deemed disobedience. 

* * * * Pqj. any disobedience a fine of 
one dollar shall be imposed on and paid by 
the oficnder. * •* * * For all lost time 
from work, without permission from iheein- 
inloyer or his agent, unless in case of sick- 
ness, the laborer shall be fined twexty-fivk 
GENTS per hour. * * ■""■ * For all ab- 
sence from home without permission, the 
laborer will be fined at the rate of two dol- 
lars per day, fines to be denounced at the 
time of delinquency.^' 

"No live stock shall bo allowed to lab-^r- 
ers without the permission of their employer 

* * * * laborers shall not receive visi- 
tors during work hours. 

"Laborers in the various duties of the 
household, and in all the domestic duties of 
the family, shall at all hours of the day or 
night, and on c^days of the week, promptly 
answer all calls and obey and execute all 
lawful orders and commands of the family, 
and any failure or refusal by the laborer to 



BEPUBLIOAH COLUMU. 



6 



DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 



men's Bureau bill, in the Senate, January 
25, 1866, was— 

Ayes 37 — All Republicans. 

Nays 10 — All Democrats. 

IX THE HOUSE. » 

Feb. 6 186G— 
Ayes 137— All Republicaus- 
K^ays 33 — All Democrats. 

THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 

Ax Act to protect all persons in the United 
States in their civil rights, and furnish the 
means of their vindication. 
Be it enacted, &c. , That all persons born 
in the United States and not subject to any 
foreign power, excluding Indians, not taxed, 
are hereby declared to be citizens of the 
United States; and such citizens of every 
race and color, without regard to any pre- 
vious condition of slavery or involuntary ser- 
vitude, except as a punishment for crime 
whereof the party shall have been duly con- 
victed, shall have the same right in every 
State and Territory in the United States to 
make and enforce contracts ; to sue, be par- 
lies, and give evidence ; to inherit, purchase, 
lease, sell, hold, and convey real and per- 
sonal property ; and to full and equal bene- 
fit of all laws and proceedings for the secu- 
rity of person and property as is enjoyed by 
white citizens, and shall be subject to like 
punishment, pains, and penalties, and to 
none other, any law, statute ordinance, re- 
gulation, or custom, to the contray notwith- 
standing. 

This first section of the bill contains the 
great principle of the rights of citizenship, 
which have since been incorporated in the 
Constitution and received the sanction of 
28 States. It is a principle which should, 
and would have been placed in the Consti- 
when it was framed had not slavery ex- 
isted. The vote on the passage of this bill 
was: 

IN THE SENATE. 

Ayes 33 — All Republicans. 
Nays 12 — All Democrats but one — Van 
Winkle. 

IX THE HOUSE. 

Ayes 111 — All Republicans. 
Nays 38— All Democrats. 

THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 

The first section is substantially the same 
AS the civil rights bill above given. 
_ Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appor- 
tioD^id '•jj'ong the several States according to 



obey as herein provided, shall be deemed 
disobedience, within the meaning of this act.'' 
(And for which, of course, the employer 
may impose a fine of one doliak.) "And 
it is the duty of this class of laborers to be 
especially civil and polite to their employer, 
his family or guests, and they shall receive 
gentle and kind treatment. ' ' (Poor things. ) 

Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Ala- 
bama, Georgia, Florida, and North and 
South Carolina enacted laws equally op- 
pressive, and some of them even worse. 

The orphan children of all freedmen were 
subject to practical -slavery through an 
apprentice system. And then, all freed- 
men possessing or purchasing arms, and 
for petty offences, such as breaches of con- 
tract, or disrespect to employers, were sub- 
jected to fine, and liable to be sold to ser- 
vice to pay any fine so imposed. In North 
Carolina it was enacted that : 

"All contracts between any persons what- 
ever, whereof one or more of them shall be 
a person of color, for the sale or purchase of 
any horse, mule, ass, jennet, neat cattle, hog, 
sheep, or goat, whatever may be the value 
of such" articles, and all contracts between 
such persons for any other article or articles 
of property whatever, of the value of ten dol- 
lars or more, and all contracts executed or 
executory between such persons for the pay- 
ment of money of the value often dollars or 
more, shall be void as to all persons what- 
ever, unless the same be put in writing and 
signed by the venders or debtors, and wit- 
nessed by a white person who can read and 
write." 

"Mississippi enacted that every freedman, 
free negro, and mulatto shall, on the second 
Monday of January, one thousand eight hun- 
dred and si;s;ty-six, and annually thereafter, 
have a lawful home or employment, and shall 
have written evidence thereof, as follows, to 
wit : If living in any incorporated city, town, 
or village, a license from the mayor thereof, 
and if living outside of any incorporated 
city, town, or village, from the member of 
the board of police of his beat, authorizing 
him or her to do irregular, and job work, or 
a written contract, as provided in section six 
of this act j which licences may be revoked 
for cause at any time by the authority grant- 
ing the same. 

*'Sec. 6. provides that all contracts for 
labor made with freemen, free negroes, and 
mulattoee, for a longer period than one 
month, shall be in writing and in duplicate, 
attested and read to said freeman, free negro, 
or mulatto by a beat, city, or county ofiicer 



REPUBLICAN OOLUIOI. 



7 



DEMOCEATIC COLUMN. 



their respective numbers, counting the whole 
number of persons in each State, excluding 
Indians not taxed. But wlien the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of electors 
for President and \lco Preident of the 
Unit«d States, llepresentatives in Congress, 
the executive and judicial officers of a State, 
or the members of the Legislature thereof, 
is denied to any of the male inhabitants of 
such State, being twenty-one years of age 
and citizens of the United States, or in any 
way abridged, except for participation in re- 
bellion or other crime, the basis of repre- 
sentation therein shall bo reduced in the 
proportion which the number of such male 
citizens shall bear to the whole number of 
male citizens twenty-one years of age in such 
State. 

Sec. •>,. N.0 person shall bo a Senator or 
Repreaeutalive in Congress, or elector of 
President or Vice President, or hold any 
office, 'civil or military, Tinder the United 
States or under any State, who, having pre- 
viously taken an oath as a member of Con- 
gress or as an executive or judicial officer of 
any State, to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insur- 
rectionor rebellion against the same, orgiven 
aid and comfort to the enemies thereof. But 
Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
House, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of 
the United States, authorized by law, in- 
cluding debts incurred for the payment of 
pensions and bounties for services in .sup- 
pressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not 
be questioned. But neither the United States 
nor any State shall assume or pay any debt 
or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection 
or rebellion again.st the United States, or 
any claim for the loss or emancipation of 
any slave ; but all such debts, obligations, 
and claims .shall bo illegal and void. 

Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to 
enforce, by appropriate legislation, the pro- 
visions of this article. 

"l"he stability of this Government and 
unity of this nation depend solely on the 
cordial support and the earnest loyalty of 
the people." — Grant's reply to the Addre.<is 
of Memphis Chamber of Commerce. Aug. 25, 
18C3. ' - '-*'■ . 



or two disinterested white persons of tlie 
county in which thelabor is to be performed, 
of which each party shall have one ; and 
said contracts shall be taken and held as en- 
tire contracts, and if the laborer shall quit 
fehe service of the employer before the expi- 
ration of his term of service without good 
cause, he shall forfeit his wages for that year 
up to the time of quitting." 

South Carolina enacted : — 

"That persons of color constltiite no part of 
the militia of the Stat<), and no one of them- 
shall, without permission in writing from the 
district judge or magistrate, bo allowed to 
keep a fire-arm, sword, or other military 
weapon, except that one of them, who is the 
owHcr of a farm, may keep a shot-gun or 
rifle, such as Is ordinarily used in hunting, 
but not a pistol, musket, or other fire-armor 
weapon appropriate for purposes of war. 
The district judge or a magistrate may give 
an order, under which, any weapon unlaw- 
fully kept may be seized and sold, the pro- 
ceeds of sale to go into the district court fund. 
Thc-jiogsession of a weapon in violation of 
this act shall be a misdemeanor which shall 
be tried before a district court, or a magis- 
trate, and in case of conviction, shall bo pun- 
ished by a fine equal to twice the value of the 
weapon so unlawfully kei)t, and if that be not 
immediately paid, by corporal punishment.' 

** That upon view of a misdemeanor com- 
mitted by a person of color, or by a white 
person toward a person of color, a magis- 
trate may arrest the ofl'cnder, and, according 
to the n.iture of the case, punish the offender 
summarily, or bind him in recognizance with 
sufficient sureties to appear at the next 
monthly sitting of the district court, or com- 
mit him for trial before the district court. 

Sec. 30 provides that, upon view of a 
misdemeanor commited by a person of col- 
or, any person present may arrest the offen- 
der and take him before a' magistrate, to be 
dealt with as the case may require. In case 
of a misdemeanor committed by a white per- 
son toward a person of color, any person may 
complain to a magistrate, who shall cause 
the offender to be arrested, and, according 
to the nature of the case, to be brotight be- 
fore himself, or be taken for trial in tlie dis- 
trict court. 



Term3 of Heconstruction Proposed by 
Eepublicans. 

"When armed rebellion had been sub- 
dued, by the energy and patriotism of the 
loyal people and the determined firmness 
of the Republican Congress and adminis- 
tration, the duty of prescribing terms of 



Rejection of Terms of Keconatruction by 
Democrats. 

Prior to the stibniission of the said termd 
of settlement to the late rebel States, the 
President — Andrew Johnson — without au- 
thority of law and by the exercise of des- 
potic power, had struck out of existence 



REPUBLICAN COLUMU. 8 DEMOCRATIC COLUMK. 



settlemeut and for the reorganization and the forms of State organization found there 

reunion of the States, devolved upon the at the close of the war, and had, by execu- 

Kepublican Congress and party. tivc order, substituted other forms substan- 

This duty was performed in a spirit of tially like those abrogated — except as to 

mao-nanilnity which fell far short of justice chattel slavery — and had placed these new 

to the traitors, and which exceed in liber- organizations under the exclusive control of 

ality any terms ever before offered to the the old rebel leaders, 

leadersof an armed and conquered rebellion. The proposed amendment of the Consti- 

The conditions named were : tution, placing the conditions of resto- 

The recognition of the rights of citizen- ration to the Union in the organic 
ship to all born upon our soil, or natural- law, was submitted to those reorgan- 
ized within our jurisdiction. ized rebel governments, and by them unani- 

The sacred preservation of the public mously rejected. To this action they were 

faith. advised by a recreant President and en- 

Fort)idding the assumption of any por- couraged by the whole Demockatio Party 

tion of the rebel debt, or the payment ia the country. It has been shown that, 

for emancipated slaves. every Democrat in Coxgress opposed the 

Requiring that Representatives shall be terms of reuxion, and it is now to be added 

apportioned among the several States aocor- that, every Democrat in every State 

ding to population, and that, when any Legislature also opposed and voted against 

race or class shall be excluded from voting, the conditions of settlement; and that, in 

the numbers composing such class shall not two States in which Democrats have 

be counted in the basis of the representa- since obtained majorities, tdey have for- 

tion. MALLY VOTED TO RESCIND THE RATIFICATION 

Providing that no person shall be a Sen- of the amendment. See Legislative pro- 

ator or Representative, or hold any office, ceedings in Ohio and New Jersey. Why 

civil or military, under any State or under this action of the Democracy? Are they 

the United States who, having taken an against conferring the rights of citizens 

oath to support the Constitution, shall have upon all born or naturalized upon our soil ? 

engaged in rebellion against the United Do they wish to give representation to a 

States, or given aid and comfort to the ene- non-voting population in the rebel States? 

mies thereof, unless relieved of such disa- Do they desire to restore to unpardoned 

bility by a two- thirds vote of Congress. rebei^ the control of the nation? 

These conditions, in the form of a con- Do they intend to violate the public 

stitutional amendment, were adopted by faith, assume the rebel debt or pat for 

the following votes : emancipated slaves? If none of these, why 

senate. not say so in the organic law ? If they are 

Ayes 33 — All Republicans. against all these, why not so declare in the 

Nays 1 l-AU now acting with the Demo - Constitution ? If they are in favor of these, 

cratic party except one — Van \Viukle. , ^, ^, • ., • , ^r 

why not honestly say so in tiien- platform, 

house, •' J J r ' 

Ayes 133-All Republicans. ^' ^^^ ^^^^ P^^^^^^ intimated by tl>eir can- 

Naj/s 36— All Bemocrats. di4ates ? 



Reconstruction Upon a Loyal Basis. Opposition of the Democracy to Becon- 
When Congress assembled in December, struction Upon a Loyal Basis. 

1866, it was. to meet the rejection of the Both the Constitutional Amendment and 
amendment to the Constitution by all of tha subsequent reconstruction measures 



EEPUBLICAN COLUMN' 



9 



DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 



the Johnson rabel-reorganized States — as 
heretofore noticed — the enactments of those 
States by which the rebel leaders were re- 
stored to full control of State affairs, the 
freedmen reduced by oppressive appren- 
tice, labor, and penal statutes to practical 
bondage — as heroinbefore specified — and 
the States, demanding admission into the 
National Congress for their representatives, 
in the personsof men reeking with treason, 
and insisting that, while the four-and-a-half 
millions of colored people should not par- 
ticipate in political power, they should, 
nevertheless, be entitled to representation 
in the persons of political leaders, to be 
designated by rebel constituencies. 

Adequate reasons arc stated by the Re- 
construction Committee, in the extracts 
given above, why reconstruction could not 
be permitted upon such a rebel basis and 
demand ; but, even in the absence of the 
facts hereinbefore presented, no man, loyal 
to Justice and the Union, will fail to dis- 
cover the impropriety of remitting the na- 
tion to the mercy (?) and control of its 
bitterest foes. 

In the presence of these facts and the 
importunate demands and disloyal conduct 
of the rebel leaders, it became the duty 
of Congress to provide other means for 
the protection of the loyal people and the 
restoration of the disabled States. In the 
discharge of this duty, Congress enacted 
the military reconstruction laws so-called, 
still adhering to tlie restrictions and guar- 
antees provided in the constitutional amend- 
ment. 

These laws prescribe as follows : 

1st. That the territory embracing the 
late rebel States, be divided into military 
districts designated by the act, over each 
o£ which a military commander should be 
placed, to preserve order, enforce justice, 
prevent violence, and punish or cause to be 
punished disturbers of the peace ; but no 
cruel or unusual punishment to be inflicted. 

2d. That when the people of any one of 
said rebel States shall have formed and 
adopted a government, in all respects in 



have received the united opposition of the 
REBEL Dkmocracy in every State and sec- 
tion. 

In the South, all possible means have 
been resorted to to defeat the restoration 
of the vStatcs. 

Every man, whether white or black, who 
iu good faith has supported or now supports 
reconstruction by the people, is denounced 
and ostracised. Many have been driven 
from their business or employment, and 
many have been murdered, for no other 
cause than their devotion to the Union and 
their support of the laws. 

These statutes and all acts done in por- 
suance thereof, have been denounced as 
unconstitutional and void : 

1. By all the leading rebels and by all 
under their control in the rebel States. 

2. By every Democrat in Congress aad 
by every Democrat in every State Legisla- 
ture. 

3. By the Democratic orators and presa 

4. By Democratic State and district con 
vcntions. 

5. By the Democratic National Conven- 
tion. 

6 . By the Democratic candidates for 
President and Vice President, and the lat- 
ter has declared for their overthrovy by 
executive power and military force, if it 
cannot be otherwise accomplished. 

The position of the Democratic party is 
that of simple unqualified revolution. Its 
leaders neither promise nor suggest any 
other consequence of their accession to 
power; and this, in behalf of the rebel 
leaders, that they may be restored to the 
control of the States anfl the nation. 

The Southern rebel leaders object to the 
Constitutional amendment : 

1. Because it equalizes the power of the 
electors in all Uie States, giving to each 
voter the same representation in the na- 
tional House of Representatives. They 
demand in lieu of this equality that, the 
four millions of colored people shall be de- 
prived of suffrage, and that the whites of 
those States shall be empowered to elect 



EEPD^IGAN COLUMJS. 



10 



DEMOOEATIC COLUMN. 



conformity with the Constitution of the 
United States framed % a convention of 
delegates elected by the male population of 
those States, twenty-one years of age and 
upwards, not disfranchised for participa- 
tion in rebellion or for felony at common 
law, ai.d shall have ratified the proposed 
14th article of the Constitution of the 
United States, and when said article shall 
have become a part of the Constitution, 
then said States shall be entitled to repre- 
sentation in Congress, and Senators and 
Representatives therefrom shall be ad- 
mitted upon taking the oath prescribed by 
law. 

This is substantially the policy of recon- 
struction adopted by Congress, under which 
seven States have been restored to the 
Union, and which has been denounced and 
apposed by every rebel and copperhead in 
the land. 

The other provisions of the reconstruc- 
tion measures arc matters of detail, de- 
signed to enforce in good faith the prin- 
ciples above stated. 

Xow, wherein is the wrong? The for- 
oiaftion of local governments is left to the 
whole people of those States, excluding 
(Snly those disfranchised for rebellion or 
felony. 

The only conditions annexed are, that 
liie government shall be republican, that 
all shall participate, except the few who 
are excluded by their own acts; and that 
security for the future — in the form of the 
constitutional amendment — shall be con- 
o<?ded. 

The recent conduct of the rebel leaders 
has demonstrated that such securltj;' is not 
^■Qly necessary but vital. Without it, 
neither the public faith nor the peace of the 
country would be secure for a moment, as 
will be proven in subsequent pages. 

"The white and black continually require 
"Jbe protection of the General Government. 
In some form the Freedmen's Bureau is an 
iibsolute necessity, until the civil law is estab- 
lished and enforced, securing to freemen their 
rights and full protection." — Grant's Report 
io the President, Januarj/, 18G6. 



Representatives for them ; thus giving to 
EIGHT MILLIONS of whites in the South the 
representative power in Congress of twelve 
MILLIONS in the North. 

2. Because they see in the national debt 
which is guaranteed by tliis amendment, 
the price to be paid for the preservation of 
the Union. 

3. Because it deprives the leaders who 
inaugurated and conducted the rebellion, 
and who are guilty of both perjury and 
treason, of participation in the legislative 
and executive offices of the States and na- 
tion. 

4. Because it px-ohibits payment for 
emancipated slaves, asserts the equality of 
citizenship, and authorizes Congress to en- 
force the rights it guarantees. 

The Democratic party opposes the res- 
toration of the States under the constitu- 
tional amendment and the reconstruction 
laws: 

1. Because those measures provide for 
a republican government, and have placed 
the power in the hands of the masses of the 
people, instead of limiting its exercise to a 
landed and privileged aristocracy. 

2. Because under the State constitutions 
which have been framed, the elective fran- 
chise and equal political rights have been 
secured to every citizen, the education and 
consequent elevation of the laboring masses 
provided for, the guaranties of the constitu- 
tion ratified, and the right of secession 
denied and its exercise prohibited. 

In view of these objections, which are 
embraced by the controlling elements in the 
Democratic party, the Democratic leaders 
in Congress stand unitedly recorded against 
the return to the Union ofeachand every one 
of the late rebel States ; and they are also 
fully committed on the records of the coun- 
try, in favor of the return of those States 
under the leadership and control of the 
rebel landed aristocracy which initiated and 
conducted the rebellion, and which, by its 
orators and press, is now advocating revo- 
lution, as will hereinafter be shown. 



EEFDBLICAN COLUMN, 



11 



DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 



The Issaea as Presented by tho Kopublican The Issues as Presented by the Democratic 
Candidates. Candidates. 



CRN. grant's letter of acceptance. 
WASHiyoToy, May 29, 1868. 
To Qk\erai, J. R. Havi.et. President Xa- 

Honed Union Kepnhlican Contention : 

In formally accepting tho nomination of 
the National Union Republican Convention 
of tho 21st of May instant, it seems proper 
that some statement of views beyond the 
mere acceptance of tho nomination should 
be expressed. The proceedings of the Con- 
vention were marked with wisdom, modera- 
tion, and patriotism, and I believe express 
tho feelings of the great mass of those who 
sustained the country through its recent trials. 

I ENDORSE THE* iiESoLUTioxs. If elected 
to the office of President of the United 
States it will bo my endeavor to administer 
ail tho laws in good faith, with economy, 
and with the view of giving peace, quiet, and 
protection everywhere. 

In times like the present it is impossible, 
or at least eminently improper, to lay down 
a policy to be adhered to, right or wrong, 
through an administration of four years. 
New political issues, not foreseen, are con- 
stantly arising, the views of the public on 
old ones are congtantly changing, and a 
purely administrative ofiicer should always 
be left free to execute the will of the people. 
I alwavs have respected that will, andalwavs 
shall.' 

Peace and itnirersal propperifj/, ii^ se- 
quence, with economy of administration, will 
lighten the burden of taxation, ichile it con- 
stantly reduces the national debt. Let us 

}IAVE PEACE. 

With great respect, your obedient servant, 
U. S. GRANT. 

150N. FCnUYI/.CR COLFAX'S LETTER OF ACCEPT- 
ANCE. 

WA.SHiN(iToy, D. C, May 30, 1868. 
Hon. J. R. Hawley, President of the Xa- 

iional Union Pepublican Committee ; 

Dear Sir : The platform adopted by the 
patriotic Convention over which you pre- 
sided, and the resolutions which so happily 
snppliment it, so entirely agree with my view 
as to a just national policy, that my thanks 
are due to the delegates as much for this 
clear and auspicious declaration of princi- 
ples, as for the nomination with which I 
have been honored, and which I gratefully 

accept. 

* . ic- * * « * -:<• w 

The debt of gratitude it acknowledges to 
the brave men who saved the Union from 
destruction, tho frank approval of amnesty 
based on repentance and loyalty, the demand 



The letter of Horatio Seymour is too 
long to insert here. lie accepts the plat- 
form of the rebel Democracy, denounces 
the legislation of Congress and suggests 
that a Democratic President, even with a 
Republican Congress, would have a ten- 
dency to restore peace and harmony and 
might be the means of preventing the adop- 
tion of extreme measures. At all event, 
such a thing could work no harm to the 
country and would be eminently satisfactory 
to himself. These are not the words but 
the purport of Mr. Seymour's letter. 

FRANK BLAIR's LETTER UPON WUICH THE 
PLATFORM IS liASED, AND WHICH SECURED 
UIM THE NOMINATION. 

Washington, June 30, 1S68. 

Dear Colonel: In reply to your inquiries 
I beg leave to say that I leave to you to de- 
termine, on consultation with my friends 
from Missouri, whetlier my name shall be pre- 
sented to the Democratic convention, and to 
submit the following, as what I consider the 
real and only issue in this contest: 

There is but one way to restore the Govern- 
ment and the Constitution, and that is fox 
the President elect to declare these acts nutl 
and void, compel the army to undo its usur- 
pations at the South, disperse the carpet-barf 
State governments, allow the tohite 2)eoplc to 
reorganize their own governments, and elect 
Senators and liepresentatives. 

* •>«■** -x- * * 

I repeat that this is the real and only ques- 
tion lohich we should allow to control us : 
Shall we subrnit to thi usurpations by which 
the Government has been overthroicn, or shall 
we exert ourselves for its full and complete 
restoration? It is idle to talk of bonds, green- 
backs, gold, the public faith, and the public 
credit. What can a Democratic President do 
in regard to any of these, with a Congress in 
both branches controlled by tho carpet-bag- 
gers and their allies? He will be powerless 
to stop the supplies by which idle negroes 
are organized into political clubs — by which 
an army is maintained to protect these vaga- 
bonds in their outrages upon the ballot. 
These, and things like these, eat up the rev- 
enue and resources of the Government and 
destroy its credit — make the difierencc be- 
tween gold and greenbacks. We must re- 
store the Constitution before we can restore 
the finances, and to do this we must have a 
President wJio will execute the will of the 



BEPUBLIOAN CXJLUldN. 



12 



DEMOCKA^TIO COLUMN. 



for the most thorough economy and honesty 
in the Government, the sympathy of the par- 
ty of liberty with all throughout the world 
who long for the liberty we here eujpy, and^ 
the recognition of the sublime principles of 
the Declaration of Independence, are worthy 
of the organization on whose banners they 
are to be written in the coming contest. 
Its past record cannot be blotted out or for- 
gotten. If there had been no Republican 
party, slavery would to-day cast its baneful 
shadow over the Republic. If there had been 
no Republican party, a free press and free 
speech would be as unknown from the Poto- 
mac to the Rio Grande as ten years ago. 
If the Republican party could have, been 
stricken from existence when the banner of 
rebellion was unfurled, and when the re- 
sponse of "no coercion" was heard at the 
North, we would have had no nation to-day. 
But for the Republican party daring to risk 
the odium of tax and draft laws our flag 
could not have been kept flying in the field 
until the long-hoped-for victory came. With- 
out a Republican party the Civil Rights bill 
— the guaranty of equality under the law to 
xhe humble and the defenseless, as well as the 
strong — would not be to-day upon our na- 
tional statute book. 

* * -» * •"- --ir -::• 

Very truly yours, 

SCHUYLER COLFAX. 



SENTIMENTS OF THE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES. 

Grant said to his soldiers : 

"The loyal people of the United States 
thank and bless you. Their hopes and 
prayers for your success against this unholy 
rebellion are with you daily." 

"Let us have peace." — Grant's letter, 
May 29, 1868. 

" I CARE NOTHING FOR PROMOTION, SO LONG 
AS OUR ARMS ARE SUCCESSFUL." — Grant tO 

Sherman, February, 1862. 

"If MT COURSE IS NOT SATISFACTORY, RE- 
MOVE ME AT ONCE. I DO NOT WISH IN ANY 
WAY TO IMPEDE THE SUCCESS OP OUR ARMS." 

—Grant to Halleck, February 6, 1862. 

" No THEORY OF MY OWN WILL EVER STAND 
IN THE WAY OF MY EXECUTING IN GOOD FAITH 
ANY ORDER I MAY RECEIVE FROM THOSE IN 

.AUTHORITY OVER ME." — Grant to Secretary 
Chase, May 29, 1863. 

"TkS is a REPUBLIC WHERE THE WILL OF 
THE PEOPLE 13 THE LAW OF THE LAND." — 

Grant's letter to President Johnson, Au- 
gust, 1867. 

" I SHALL HAVE NO POLICY OF MY OWN TO IN- 
TERFERE AGAINST THE WlIX OF THE PEOPLE," — 

Grant's letter. May 29, 18G8. 



people hy trampling into dust the usurpation 
of Congress, hiovni as the irconsiruction ads. 
I wish to stand before the Convention upon 
this issue, but it is one which embraces every- 
thing else that is of value in its large and 
comprehensive results- It is the one thing 
that includes all that is worth a contest, and 
icithoiit it there is nothing that gives dignity , 
honor, or value to the strugaU. 

Your friend, FRAN"k P. BLAIR. 

Colonel James 0. Broadhead. 

SEYMOUR IX DESPAIR — HE WANTS TO CHANGE 
THE IS^SUES. 

Utiga, July 24, 1808. 

My Dear Sir: I have not been able until 
this moment to answer your kind letter of 
the 13th instant. I am gratified vrith the 
kindness of my friends, but they haveplunged 
me into a sea oftronbl-es. Ida not know hmc 
the cairrass vHll go ; hut, now that I am in the 
fight, I shall do the best lean. I see the Re- 
publicans are trying to dodge the financial 
issues, and to sink the election into a 
mere personal contest. Our papers must 
not allow this. They must push the debt and 
taxation upon public attention. If you get 
time I hope you will run up and see me. 
Mrs. Seymour joins me in asking you to give 
our respects to Mrs. Ingersoll. I shall be 
glad to hear from you at all times. 

Truly yours, Horatio Seymour. 

Hon. C. M. Ingersoll, New Haven, Conn. 

SENTIMENTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES. 

Horatio Seymour, in Milwaukee, like- 
wise [using bis words] makes the foUowmg 
points: 

First — " The freedom of speech and of 
the press has been denied us.' 

Second — " It is your property, the pi-oper- 
ty of Northern tax-payers, which is confis- 
cated." 

Third — "Men have been torn from their 
families, and locked up in prison, and wo- 
men also." 

Fourth — "Men are told that they must 
leave their homes, and devote themselves to 
war." 

Fifth — " The policy of ths Administra- 
tion has placed hindrances in the way of the 
Union." 

Sixth — " The Administration has entered 
upon a settled policy, dangerous to the wel- 
fare of the country." 

Seventh — ",ln God's name "are there no 
means by which we can save the lives of 
husbands and brothers 7" 

Eighth — " We nominated McCIellan, that 
we might restore prosperity and peace to the 
people." 



EEPUBLICAN COLUMN. 



13 



DEMOOEATIC COLUMN. 



•' Human liberty is the only teue kodv- 
nA'noNOFiiTTMAXCovERXMKKT." — Grani'slet" 
xer to the citizens of Memphis. 

'' R(hcl armies now are the only .■itrategic 
poitUs to .'•Irikeat.'' — Graut's instructions to 
Sherman, April 5, 18G5. 

■•r.OTAr.TY SUAlJi GOVERN WHAT LOYALTY 
PRKSERVKD." 

That sentiment was uttered by Hon. 
Solrayler Colfai, in ono of Lis late im- 
promtu speeches. Thoj are uoble woi'fl.s, 
worthy of being written on tho banners of 
the cunipaign. Tim whoU hcntonce reads 
aa follows : 

" In ail theij- hours of disaster and glooni, 
when men's heart:? fainted on the way, there 
Wits ono party, every man of which stood 
aronnd our banner and ncvrr despaired of 
She Anierican Republic ; uad there is one 
oy^anization that, since the armies of the 
ttbollion wore crushed, has demanded, and 
mtends to stand by that d-^mand, God being 
^Mir helper, to the end that 'Loyalty shall 
govewi what loyalty prescrred.' •' 



"While GRANT was receiving the surrender 
of Vicksburg, Seymour was making a speech 
in which he said : 

" When I accepted the invitation to speak 
with otherrf at ihi.s meeting, we were prom- 
iHcd the downfall of Vicksburp, the opening 
of the Mississippi, ihe probable capture of 
the Confederate Capit^il, and exhaustion of 
the Rebellion. But in the moment of ex- 
pected victorj-, iheie came the midnight cry 
of Pennsylvania to save its despoiled fields 
from tho invading foe ; and almost within 
sight of this great commercial metropolis, 
the ships of your merchants were burned to 
the water's edge. 

" Kemembtr thnt the bloody and treason- 
able and revolutionary doctrine of public 
nccesfiity can be proclaimed by a mob as 
well as by a government. * * <• i g^. 
sure you, my feHow-citizcn."!, that I am hero 
to show you a test, of my friendship. I wish 
to inform you that I have sent my AfVutanl 
General to Washington to confer with the 
authorities there, and to have thia draft 8ue- 
pended and stopped." 



Ropubliean Press and Stutosmen. 
Rxtract from speech of Hon. J. M. Ash- 
ky-: 

'•To me tho only model [Statesman is he 
who secures liberty and impartial justice for 
aHiand protects the weak against the strong. 
He is tho statesman and the benefactor who 
aids in educating the ignorant, and iu light- 
ening the cares of the toiling millions. Since 
I became your Representative I have at- 
tempted to follow the pathway illumined by 
rbe footprints of such men as I have named. 
How well I have succeeded you must deter 
mine. 

"I welcome all men as co-laborers in tht 
interests of mankind, whether agreeing 
with me or not, who follow conscientiously, 
their highest and best convictions, for ' the 
harvest is plenty but the laborers are few.' " 

Prom the speech of Senator Stewart of 
Nevada ; 

''I hold in my hands now a speech of Hon. 
Horatio Seymour, delivered on the 4th of 
.fuly, 18G3, a speech that I have read on sev- 
eral occasions. It is a speech full of fault- 
finding v^nth the Government, putting ideas 
in tho minds of the people to make them 
dissatisfied, complaining of your tx-ctional 
.strife and your secti-onal war, calculated in 
every way to breed discontent ; and thia, 
too, whea the country was iu the most im- 
a inent peril. Ai that critical time, instead 



Democratic Press and Loading Men. 
Wade Hampton, at » raeetin;? in Charles- 
ton, said : 

''They said they wtrc williinj to giee us 
everything tee desired; but we of the South 
must remember that they had a great fight 
to make, and it would not be policy to place 
upon the platform that which would .engen- 
der prejudice at the North. They, however. 
pledgedthemselvts to do all in their povctr io 
relieve t^ Southern States, and restore to us 
ihc ConUitution a^ it had existed.^ ^ 

An Ex-Governor of Sonth Carolina said : 

"The Southern delegates determined to be 
reticent in the Convention, and take no 
prominent, part in its proceedings; while the 
Northern delegates said- to them, '0/8 tli£ 
subject of your pectdiar grievance and op- 
pressions, draw your own platform, and, 
make it as strong a^you please, and weidll 
endorse it.' " 

THE DEMOCRACY RESPONSIBLE FOB THE LAST 
WAR. 

Said the Georgia rebel, Toombs, in a 
speech ratifying the nominations, at At- 
lanta. 

"I will tell you another fact, which is 
enough for this time, that 'as the lato war 
was produced by the defeated Democratic 
party in I860,' we shall never have peaee 
until it is restored in 18G8." 



EEPUBLICAN COLUMN. 



14 



DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 



of coming forward and vindicating the au- 
thority of the Government, we find Horatio 
Seymour filling the minds of the people with 
distrust and reverting to the mistakes of the 
Goveaiment. With a stern Governor of 
New York, such a Governor as Indiana had, 
there would have been no New York riots. 
With such a Governor as Ohio had there 
would have been no New York riots." 

From the speech of Hon. John A. Bing- 
ham onthc judiciary reconstruction bills — 

*'The power to guaranty a republican 
form of government in every State in the 
Union is a power vested in the United States. 
It is not a power vested in any officer there- 
of. It is not a power vested in any depart- 
ment thereof. It is a power vested in the 
Government of the United States. There 
stands the provision that Congress shall have 
power to pass all laws necessary and i^roper 
to carry into effect all the powers vested by 
the Constitution in the Government of the 
United States. This power thus vested in 
the United States, as I had occasion to inti- 
mate yesterday, is essential to the national 
life. I do not propose to repeat my augu- 
ment of yesterday at length, but only to the 
perfection of what I may say to-day. I beg 
leave to state, in brief, what I did more at 
length yesterday, that American nationality 
under the Constitution never existed one 
hour, never can exist an hour while that 
Constitution remains what it is, save through 
and by the adhering, organized constitution- 
al States of the Union. Heucethe necessity 
of this power and the necessity for its en- 
forcement. 

* * * * -X- -A- ?r 

"I stand, then, sir, for the Constitution, as 
it Is written ; I stand for it precisely as it was 
interpreted by its founders ; and I desire for 
one, as a representative of the people, so to 

grovide by law, as that hereafter the Supreme 
ourt of the United States shall not dare to 
disregard a solemn enactment of the people 
even on the pretense that it' is violative of the 
Constitution, save by the concurrence of two- 
thirds of all the members of that court. I 
have reasons, very strong reasons, for insist- 
ing upon such legislation. I consider the 
utterance in the Dred Scott case, to which I 
have already referred, as furnishing a sub- 
stantial reason for such legislation. I do 
not stop now at the going down of the sun 
to ask gentlemen to consider the terrible 
consequences that followed in the train of 
that lawless and atrocious announcement." 

Mr. Bingham, on the 14th amendment 
to the Constitution, said: 

"Without the amendment there are men 
within the hearing of my voice who know 



MURDER OF REPUBLICANS RECOMMENDED. 

Albert S. Pike, editor, judge and rebel 
General, says : 

"Go on boys ; swear to murder Northern 
Huns 1 Arm yourselves and organize, and 
be ready to respond promptly when called 
on, andfightbravely evenif you get killed!" 

The Pine Bluff (Ark.) Vmclicaior, 
exclaims . 

"The spirit of Wilkes Booth still lives, 
thank God ! Therefore, take courage ! Sey- 
mour, Blair, and the revival of the great 
cause is the motto of every true man !" 

THE REBELS ALL FOUGHT AS DEMOCRATS. 

Admiral Semmes, commander of the Rebel 
privateer Alabama, in a speech at a Dem- 
ocratic meeting at Mobile, said : 

" He had always been a Democrat; he 
had fought in the war as a Democrat : that 
he had once despaired of a republican gov- 
ernment in this country, l)ut now there was 
a light in the East which bid them hope. 
He had draicn his sword against the old flag 
hecanse he urns a Democrat and It had ceased 
to wave over a free and constitutional country. 

" He concluded with the remark that 'he 
here renewed his adhesion to that flag pro- 
vided It could wave over a government con- 
trolled by such constitutional Democrats as 
Horatio Seymour and Frank P. Blair.' " 

SECESSION MORE ALIVE THAN EVER. 

At a meeting in Richmond, Henky A. 
Wise said: 

"He did not care far the platfornj. It 
told a lie in its flrst resolution. It said se- 
cession was dead ; that was not so ; secession 
^cas more alive than ever. He supported the 
nominees, and especially Blair, because he 
had declared that he tvould assume viilitary 
power. ^\ 

" Humphrey Marshall asserted In his Lou- 
isville speech that if the Democratic ticket 
was elected, his party would ' wipe out' all 
that has been done In the way of reconstruc- 
tion, and the Fourteenth Amendment to the 
Constitution." 

THE PLATFORM MEANS BLAIR— AND NOTHING 
ELSE. 

The Charleston Mercury says : 
"The platform of the Democratic party is 
square upon the letter of General Blair, and 
Gen. Blair's letter Is the legitimate and ac- 
tual expounding of the platform. It will avail 
little to deny it North, South, East or West." 

COERCION IS REVOLUTION. 

On the first day of Februar;y, 1861, Ho- 
ratio Seymour made a speech in Tweddle 
Ilall, in which he openly espressed him- 



REPUBLICAN COLUMN. 15 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 



full well that the rebellion will be rc-enactcd self on the side of the secessionists of 

within the limits of their natural lives. With ti,„ Q^„tu a^^„. „.i i i *• i. 

it the rebellion will be forever impossible- ^he South. Among other declarations be 

The people who have the virtue and the in- made the following : 

tel-ligence to plant in the Constitution of tlie '-It would be an act of madness and folly 

country that irrepea able guarantee will have in entering upon this contest, to underrate the 

the virtue and intelligence to maintain in- South, and thus subject ourselves to thedis- 

violate their Constitution while they live jrrace of defeat in an inglorious warfare 

and transmit it unimpaired to their children, Even successful coeuciox Br the North is 

charging them with their dying breath to quite as revolutioxauy a.s secession by 

.'*tand by the Coustit»itions under which their the South." 
fathers lived, and to maintain which the 

bravest and noblest and best have died." 

Conclusion. 

ConcluBion. Jii behalf of the Democratic party, it 

In the forgoing pages, it has been shown, h^s been shown : 
in behalf of the Republican party : 1- That prior to the accession of the Bc- 

1. That prior to, and on its accession to publicans to power, its leaders in Congress, 
power its purpose was peaceful only; that in the Cabinet, and in the States, were united 
through leading statesmen, and by Presi- in a conspiracy for the destruction of the 
dent Lincoln himself, it solemnly promised Union; that said conspiracy was actually 
peace and equal justice to all, on the basis ripened into open v^-ar under Democratic 
of the laws and the Constitution as then leaders and with the approval of the Dem- 
existing. ocratfc party. 

2. That u{X)n the close of the war, it 2. That upon the close of the war for the 
carefully and patiently investigated as to Union, the Democracy opposed every mea?- 
the temper and condition of the Southern ore for it| restoration which failed to briuG; 
people, and tendered to that people all the the States and the nation under the control 
advantages of the Union it had preserved, of the rebel and Democratic leaders ; that 
upon the simple guaranty of the rights of it opposed unitedly every measure for the 
citizenship, the perpetuity of the Union, preservation of the public faith, the cquol- 
the preservation of the public faith and ity of representation, and the security of 
equality of representation in the National the individual rights of the citizen. 
Congress. 3. That its opposition to the guarantees 

3. That all its legislation was scrupu- insisted upon by the Piepublicau Congress 
lously directed to these ends, and that pun- was in the interest of the rebel loaders, in 
ishment of rebels for their crimes was not sympathy with the oppressive enactments 
even proposed. That upon the rejection of of the rebel State governments, and in fur- 
these beneficent conditions by the rebel thcrance of their desire to place the control 
communities, the Republican party, in strict of the nation and the States in the hands 
conformity with the principles of popular of a hostile and privileged aristocracy, and 
government, devolved upon the loyal peo- to withhold from the masses in the South 
pie of the rebel States the duty of reform- all participation in political afHurs while 
ing their local governments and institutions, demanding for them fall representation in 
demanding of them only, that the govern- Congress ; that representation to be de- 
ments so formed should bo republican, and signatcd by men hostile to republican insti- 
that the proposed constitutional guaranty tutions, and anxious only, to remit the la- 
fer the future should be ratified. boring masses to practical slavery as shown 

4. That the States reconstructed in con- by their legislative enactments. 

formity with these just and necessary re- 4. That though the States reconstructed 
quirements have been restored to all their under the acts of Congress presented con- 



EEPUBLIOAil COLUMN. 



16 



DEMOCKATIC COLUMN. 



rii^hts -within the Union, and that in the 
full and perpetual enjoyment of those rights, 
tbe Republicans stand pledged to protect 
and maintain them- 

5. That the platform of the Republican 
party is in harmony with its peaceful and 
patriotic legislation, and that the applica- 
tion of its principles are essential to the 
progress, perpK^tuity, aad prosperity of the 
nation. 

0, That its candiilatea, ita promiueot 
stateamtjn and press, are united in their 
support of the principles eaunciated in the 
platform and embodied in the measurer, of 
ihQ Republican Congress. 

7. That peaccj secoriej, progress, the 
leoiDpletc restoration of the Union, iadirid- 
aarl aac colloctlye prosperity, and the odu- 
*atioa and consequent elevation of the peo- 
ple^ are the objects fo? which the Eepubll- 
^sn party labors, as they are the ends for 
wiiich free govorDmcat has liseu established 
anci pre«erve<l. 

S. That, by the revolutionar-/ attitude of 
the Demoop.aoy, the interests of Liberty 
and the perpetuity of the Union are a*^aia 
tltreatene<l and endangered ; and that the 
objects for which the loyal people have 
eontended, vrill bo beat assured by working 
and voting for the election of GRANT and 
©OLPAX. 



stitutions strictly Republican and eyidenee 
of the ratification of the constitutional 
guarantees, yet every Democrat in Con- 
gress voted and protested against their 
restoration to the Union. 

5. That the platform of the Deraocrati« 
party is in itself a declaration of war 
against the restored States, dangerous to 
the peace, and, if enforced, would destroy 
the credit and prosperity, and retard thft 
progress, and endanger the perpetuity of 
the Union. 

G. That the candidates of the Democratic 
party, its prominent statesmen and press, 
are pledge-d to the support of a disloyal 
platform, dictated by the rebel leaders, and 
the assertion of the superiority of the Ex 
ecative and military over the legislative 
department of the Government. 

7. That the destrnction of the reorgan- 
ized States, the repeal of cyery guaranty 
of future security, the violation of the na- 
tional faith, and the oppression and dis- 
franchisement of the laboring masses are 
the aims, as they are the avowed object*, 
of the Democratic party, and may, there- 
fore, be rea.sonably anticipated f*8 the eon- 
scqaences of its accession to power. 

8. That all who desire such fmits will 
do most to produce them by voting for- 
Seymour and Blair. 



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